34 If both ankles qualified, the ankle with the highest score (ie, the most severely affected ankle) was considered the involved limb. 34 Volunteers qualified if they had a score of 11 or more. Chronic ankle instability was determined by the Identification of Functional Ankle Instability Questionnaire, which is an accurate tool for identifying individuals with CAI. Because PNF patterns are similar to functional movement patterns, 29 PNF strength techniques may also improve dynamic balance and functional performance.Ī total of 55 people with CAI from a local university community (Bloomington, IN) volunteered for this study. Based on the deficits seen in patients with CAI, PNF may be a beneficial treatment approach. The PNF strength patterns were as effective as isokinetic training 32 and weight training 33 in improving knee strength and functional performance. The PNF pattern for both studies used the sequential movements of toe flexion, ankle plantar flexion and eversion, knee and hip extension, abduction, and internal rotation in the lower extremity. 31 Two studies 32, 33 compared the differences between common lower extremity strength-training programs and PNF strength-training patterns. 30 Although it is used more often at the shoulder, hip, and knee joints, PNF can also be used at the ankle.
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29 The goal of PNF techniques is to promote functional movement through facilitation (strengthening) and inhibition (relaxation) of muscle groups. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) is another form of progressive strength training that emphasizes multiplanar motion.